Front axle design pdf

Remove the front drive shafttofront axle assemblybolts. Development of methodology for simulation driven design. Understand basic service and repair of a differential. An epicyclic differential can use epicyclic gearing to split and apportion torque asymmetrically between the front and rear axles. If there are waves or a bow in the axle is must be sent to a. The existing geometry of the front axle is modified to the optimum size which suits for functional requirements with increased life and minimum cost. A concept in which simulations and calculations are used to aid the designer from the beginning of a design process. Lay the axle down and take a straight edge along the front and back of the axle check that it is straight. Design analysis and optimization of front axle for commercial vehicle using cae. This includes axles, suspension, brakes, electrical, landing legs, kingpin, rims, tires and turntable in the fulltrailer. Design and analysis of a heavy vehicle front axle ijmetmr. National standards and specification for trailers semi.

Diagram ax2 below shows a beam axle, which can be used as a rear axle in front wheel drive vehicles or as a front axle in rear wheel drive vehicles. A live front axle, as compared to the dead axle, has the additional function of transmitting the driving power taken from a transfer gearbox to the front wheels having a. Automobiles running on our streets are furnished with the most essential part at the rear side called as differential. Sanjay yadav1, ravi kumar mishra1, varish ansari1, shyam bihari lal2. Design and development of a cvt and front axle for a quarter. Design and dynamic analysis of locomotive wheel axle. Axle model identification, part number and serial number are located on a tag at the axle centerline. Axle model low ratio case high ratio case axle model low ratio case high ratio case model 27 3. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle.

Specific applications like front bucket, bund preparation and paddy field demand very rigid axle design. Pdf stress analysis and fatigue analysis of front axle. The axles in a system must also bear the weight of the vehicle plus any cargo. The design group that designs front axle beams, among other components. Heavyduty axles drivetrain solutions for heavyduty commercial and military applications.

The front axles are usually dead axles because they do not rotate, in contrast to the live axles that they are used in the rear axle to transmit power to the rear wheels. So, proper design and optimization of front axle is extremely crucial to improve strength to weight ratio. Pdf design analysis and optimization of front axle for commercial. Optimization of front axle for heavy commercial vehicle by. Pdf in the global competition, it is very important for the manufacturer to bring new product designs to market at a faster rate and at reduced. In order to accommodate a swivel pin connecting the sub axle portion of the assembly, the ends of the beam are usually shaped either as a yoke or. However, on front axles with leaf springs, the pitman arm joint 4, which sits on the steering gear 1, must be disposed in such a manner that when the axle is at full suspension travel, the lower joint 8 describes the same arc 9 as the centre of the front axle housing figs 4. Dana single reduction axles with standard wheel differential s5l s5n s5s. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and.

To this kingpin stub axle plays a major role in direction control of a vehicle. Quality is ensured as all strange axles are proudly made in the usa by strange engineering. The ends of the axle beam are formed suitably to assemble the stub axle. Mechanical design and optimisation processes of an axle beam which is the main load carrying part of the heavy commercial vehicle solid front suspensions are summarised. In this analysis, the geometry of the front axle is modified and a new design is proposed. Custom axle order form custom axles for drag racing.

Design and manufacture of an adaptive suspension system a major qualifying project report submitted to the faculty of worcester polytechnic institute this report represents the work of wpi undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. When the vehicle moves along a straight path the longer links ab, pq are suitably. Front axle, design, analysis, automobile axle, construction and working of front axle beam. The figure shows that maximu m front axle weight is attained when the truck is laden to about 65%. Located at the front, the axle casing would be located reimpell. Types of uspension s system used in automobiles suspension systems can be broadly classified into two subgroups dependent and independent. Record the new front axle load and the distance between the wheel hub center and the ground.

Two fixed single piston calipers on front wheels and one floating dual piston caliper on the rear inboard disc is used. This information will help to locate information in this book and to identify the correct parts for servicing. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula saea racer car a dissertation submitted by cristina elena popa in fulfilment of the requirements of courses eng4111 and 4112 research project towards the degree of bachelor of engineering mechanical submitted. The paper focuses on design, analysis and optimization of front axle. For the latest product additions and program details, visit us on the web at single drive axle tandem drive axle. I love creating spaces for people that are welcoming, stylish and always a personal reflection of their unique taste. An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. Trailer design considerations axle mounting spread axle mounting will lend added support to frame structures but will result in more tire wear and impose higher stresses on the axle components and axle mountings.

It helps maintain axle alignment with the springs in the suspension and prevents movement of the axle. S and others published design and optimization of front axle of heavy truck find, read and. These axles have been used optionally in production with dana design axles from 1977 thru 1980. Bore diameter for front and rear caliper is 30mm rear and 27mm respectively. The ends of front axle are suitably designed to accommodate stub axles. Fatigue life evaluvation of an automobile front axle. Torque is applied to one axle and reacted by other axle. Design optimisation of four wheel drive tractor front axle. For a vehicle with equal cornering stiffness tyre front and rear, it is best to place the centroid of the suspension on the centre of gravity as shown in fig.

Corcoran and gove, 1985, depends on the static distribution, the design of the suspension mechanism supporting the bogie wheels, and vehicle weight transfer characteristics. Obviously, you cant expect any old piece of rod to work. Vt velocity, theoretical va velocity, actual t axle torque gt gross traction. Unit 7 front axle and steering front axle and steering.

These include the front axle being able to adequately support the weight of the tractor with minimum deflection. If the design of vehicle requires the centre of gravity to be away from the centroid of the suspension, then tyre sizes can be. Front axle carries the weight of the front part of automobile as well facilitates steering and absorb shock due to road surface variations. Bearings or bushings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported.

Strange engineering custom axle order form available for downloading, strange makes it easy to place an order for custom axles for your drag racing application. The figure shows that maximu m front axle weight is attained when the truck is. It is a beam running crosswise to and supporting chassis. It is strongly recommended that only the hub axle that is shipped with the shimano hub is used. The center is dropped considerably, that is, the topmost surface of the axle bed is located considerably below the center of the wheel spindle, since it is intended for use with full elliptic front springs and pneumatic tires. Refer to les andrews model a mechanics handbook for the process. If a different hub axle is used to secure the hub, it. Remove the front propeller shafttofront axle bolts. Pdf mechanical design and optimisation processes of an axle beam which is the main load carrying part of the heavy commercial vehicle solid front. Design of front axle is more important and critical in application stand point. Describe the principles of the limited slip differential. Axle load calculations general information about axle load calculations 04. The positioning of the front and rear axles is one of the most fundamental design decisions to be made. Front axle carries the weight of front part of the automobile, as well as facilitates steering and absorbs shocks due to road surface variations.

The landing legs should be of suitable capacity with gear mechanism to lift the loaded trailer when required. Pdf design analysis and optimization of front axle for. These axles have sufficient rigidity and strength to take the weight. Engineering design at concept stage for a front axle design. The front axle is designed to transmit the weight of the automobile front the spring to the front. Replace cv drive axle never use impact wrench to remove axle nut damage to bearing and cvjoint many suspension components are removed and wheel alignment often required after replacing. Pdf stress analysis and fatigue analysis of front axle of. Understand basic service operations on a transfer case. An epicyclic differential is at the heart of the toyota prius automotive drive train, where it interconnects the engine, motorgenerators, and the drive wheels which have a second differential for splitting torque as usual. Pdf optimal design of a rigid front axle beam for trucks.

Pdf design and analysis of front axle for heavy commercial. Axletech is an innovative drivetrain solutions provider. W7000727 axle seat bottom plate the bottom axle plate is found underneath the axle housing, and is held in place by ubolts. Improper conversion or alteration of these axles can damage the axles andor. Design and analysis of front axle for two wheel drive tractor. Dead front axle dead axles are those axles, which donet rotate. The life expectancy of the front axle was predicted for the dynamic load using ansys fatigue design module. Spicer axles are designed to meet oem vehicle manufacturers design and performance specifications. Aim of the project is to stress analysis and predict the life of front axle for vertical, and. Front axle is one of the most critical aggregate of the tractor. The spec number will identify all the component parts of the axle as built by spicer, including special oem requirements such as yokes or flanges.

Mandal sk, maity a, prasad a, karmakar s, maji p 2016 engineering design at concept stage for a front axle design a case study. A formidable front axle works in tandem with a robust front. Dependent suspension system a dependent suspension normally has a beam or live axle that holds wheels parallel to each. The schaeffler eaxle configurator schaeffler symposium 2018. Two master cylinders having a bore diameter of 14mm are used. There has been exhaustive efforts to develop the front axle design by studying. Design and manufacture of an adaptive suspension system. Fulltrailers not having steerable axle shall have turntable above the front axle. Front axle of heavy duty truck is the important component of vehicle and needs good design under the various loading conditions of the complete vehicle. Model listing the following models are included in this publication. At the ends of the beam can be steerable knuckleshubs for a front axle or nonsteerable hubs for a rear axle. This is the part which transmits relative power to both the back wheels while turning. Due to this compact design, there is an option of integrating longer, powerful motors into the drive axle without infringing the installation space specifications in the vehicle. We design and manufacture planetary axles for military and commercial applications ranging from construction equipment to airport ground support.

Further inspection of the axle requires disassembly of the front end. It uses a simple beam that attaches to the chassis through links and springsdampers. The advantages of using a rigid axle for the rear axle design are. Positive identification of the corporation chevrolet axle. It consisted solely of a fixed continuous member extending across the entire front end of the vehicle connecting the two steerable wheels. Design of three and four link suspensions for off road use. Figure 4 three link front left and four link rear rightshows a three link and four link system. For each axle model, there is a highratio and a lowratio case as illustrated below. Understand the adjustment of the ring and pinion gears.

Im passionate about discovering one of a kind items and using them in a functional living space. Front axle includes the axle beam, stubaxles with swivel pin brake assemblies, track rod and stub axle arm as shown in figure1. Capacity variations are achieved by combining basic differential carrier assemblies with different axle housings, axle shafts, and wheel equipment. However, the design causes the front axle centerlines to. The approach in this research paper has been divided into two steps. The following conceptual designs are to be compared. In this position, the lines of the front wheel axle intersect on the back wheel axle at i, for correct steering. This catalog contains applications and part listings for front and rear axles which fit vehicles from model years 19781998. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula. Mr rr slr nt t w1 va wd gt w2 w3 w4 w5 ground line dh rt.

The specification number assigned to the axle build by spicer. Front and rear seals 5 and 6 prevent dirt and foreign bodies entering the axle box, while the front seal 6 can be removed to monitor the condition of the bearing and add lubricant. Front axle includes the axle beam, stub axles with swivel pin brake assemblies, track rod and stub axle arm as shown in figure1. This is to analyse the front axle at different loads. A dead front axle has enough rigidity and strength to carry the weight of the vehicle from the springs to the front wheels. Increased tire wear usually results from the added side scrubbing that occurs when negotiating sharp turns or corners. Axle model identification, part number andor serial number is located on the axle centerline. A permanent magnet synchronous motor is currently in development which produces a torque of. When the vehicle is steering to the right, the position of the gear is shown by. Suspension axle seat forms a strong, secure joint between the radius spring and the axle.

Front wheels of the vehicle are mounted on front axles. Truck axle design free download as powerpoint presentation. The front axle beam is one of the major parts of vehicle suspension system. Understand the procedures for removing and replacing axle bearings and seals. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and power. The turntable shall be of suitable size and capacity. Shafts and axles carry heavy loads, sometimes rotating at incredible speed. If passengers sit on a seat over the rear axle, on average 75% of their weight is carried on the rear axle reimpell,199631 4. Identify the parts of the rear drive axle and front drive axle.